Process osi and oven fob the continuous distillation ob gasification oe



F. RIPPLI PROCESS OF-AND OVEN FOR THE CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION 0RGASIFICATION OF I ORGANIC MATTER 0R MINERALS CONTAINING ORGANIC MATTER.

. APPLICATION FILED AUG-8, I916- 1,355,268, Patented Oct. 12,1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

F. RIPPL. PROCESS OF AND OVEN FOR THE CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION 0RGASIFICATION OF ORGANIC MATTER 0R MINERALS CONTAINING ORGANIC MATTER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.8 IQIG- I 1,355,268. Patented Oct. 12,1920.

7 3 SHEETSSHEET Z.

19 I ,E I

flffomey F. RIPPL.

PROCESS OF AND OVEN FOR THE CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION 0R GASIFICATION OFORGANIC MATTER 0R MINERALS CONTAINING ORGANIC MATTER,

APPLICATION FILED AUG-8,1916- 1,355,268. Patented Oct. 12, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

FRANZ RIPPL, OF STETTIII, GERMANY, L i-3S IGNGR, MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TOTHE CI-IEIVIIQAL FOUNDATZQN, INil, A. CORPGRATIQN OF DELAVIARE.

PROCESS OF AND OVEN FGR THE CONTINUGUS DISTILLrZ'iTION 0RG.!%.SIFICATION OF ORGANIC MATTER 0R MINERALS Specification of LettersPatent.

CONTAINING ORGANIC MATTER.

'Patented (lot. 12, 192%).

Application filed August 8, 1916. Serial No. 113,750.

To all 'lU/LOHL 12mg, concern lie known that l, l nnnz RIPPL, a citi zenor the Aust ian lilmpire, and resident of Stettin, Germany, haveinvented a new and useful Process oi and Oven tor the ioutinuousDistillation or Gasification of Organic Matter or lilinerals. Containingilrganic Matter, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to distil or gasiiy organic matter orminerals con taining such matter by a continuous and economicaltreatment. ll 1e usual rhambered or retort ovens are not suited for thetreatment of such material. in particular, my invention is to beemployed in the treatment of such material the distillation orgasitication temperature of which is at about 500 to 00 degreescentigrade and in any case not much above 800.

oi-ding to my invention the charge is ut into suitable receptacles andmoved a passage extending along an oven where it is eXpos d to indirectheating, be-

adually preheated by the waste gases from the furnace of the oven, thendistillel 'iiied and finally cooled by the combuswhich is conductedalong the outof the wi h the object oi? preheating such in this manner,the charge in the rec ptacles moves through a preheating, a distillationor gasiiication and a tooling Zone.

The best results are obtained if the preheating as well as thedistillation or gasitication oi the charge is eiiected by heatthe soleand the lateral walls of the passage, and if the cooling of the chargeby means of the combustion airwhich is simultaneously preheated by thechargeis simi arly eii ected by conducting such air through channelsextending along the sole and lateral walls of the said passage.lreierably, at the beginning oi the preheatinn FIOIIG, only the sole oithe passage is heated, while further on its lateral walls are alsoheated till finally, at or behind the beginning of the distillation orgasifisation Zone, both its sole and its lateral walls are heated.Similarly, in the cooling zone, the passage is, at that portion wherethe cooling zone adjoins the distillation or grasiiication zone, heatedboth at the sole and the lateral walls, then at the lateral walls onlyand finally at the sole only. By performing the process in this manner,heat is utilized to the best advantage.

In the construction of the oven in which my'improved process isperformed, the receptacles for receiving the charge are suspended fromcars running on rails provided atthe top of the passaoe. Care is takenthat these cars should, as tar as practicable, be out oi reach of hightemperatures by which they would be damaged. Further, particu lar careis taken to so brace the lateral walls or" the passage as to enable themto bear the weight of the cars and receptacles.

Zeterence is to be had to theaccompanying drawings in which I haveillustrated a constructional example of an oven in which my improvedprocess may be per- Formed, and in which Figure l is a vertical crosssection of the oven on line 11 of Fig. 2 Fig. -2 is a longitudinalsection on line 2-2 of l, on a reduced scale, Fig. 3 is a horizontal,section on line 33 of Fig. 2, drawn to twice the scale of Fig. 2, Fig, 4is a vertical cross-section oi modified con "action oi the oven and Fig.5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the passage or the oven accordingto Fig. 4.

The passage 1 of the oven illustrated in Figs. to is divided into threesections or zones I, H and HI, section 1 being the preheating, section Hthe distillation or gasiiication and section ill the cooling zone forthe charge. Accordingly, the passage is, in its several sections,provided with preheating, heating and cooling channels. Thepassage i,see Fig. 1, is formed by lateral walls 2, a sole 3 and an upper portion4 which is extended on either side or: the passage and, in theconstruction illustrated, is formed by a superstructure 5 placed on topof the oven walls. The lateral walls 2 of passage 1 are at some distancefrom the adjacent walls 6 of the oven and with them term channels 7which, according to the section in which they are positioned, serve forpreheating, heating or cooling respecti el Channels 8 are provided inthe superstructure and the wall above channels 7. These channels 8 areat some dis tance from each other and communication with channels 7.Their outer ends are closed by bells 9. They may serve for inspection orfor regulating the temperature in channels 7. The gases escaping fromthe charge are removed by pipes 10 communicat ing with the extendedupper portion l of passage 1. Bipes 10 may be in communication with acondenser 11.

The receptacles 12 for receiving the charge are preferably made of sheetiron and of rectangular cross section corresponding to that ofpassage 1. They are open at the top and suspended from the axles 13 oftourwhee'led ears the wheels 1. 1 or" which run on rails 15 arranged oneither side in the eX- tended upper portion a of passage 1 so that they,as well as the cars themselves, are out of reach of the heat in passage1, as far as practicable. The clearance between the recep zcles and thelateral walls 2 and the surface 16 0t sole 3 of passage 1 should be assmall as is compatible with unobstructed movement.

The oven is in its heating section II, provided with a Iurnace which, as17 in Figs. 1 and 2, may be on one side of the oven. The hot gases fromthe furnace pass into the central lines 19 through channels 18. TheFlues 1t communicate with channels 7. Vertical partitions 20, see Fi 2,are arranged in channels 7 so that one set of partitions causes thegases to rise in channels 7 and the other causes them to descend asindicated by arrows 26. The free area of channels 7 between partitions20 can be regulated as desired, for example by means of dampers 21 madeof tire clay which can be displaced so as to reduce or increase the areabetween partitions 20, see Fig. 3.

The combustion air is introduced in section Ill, the cooling zone of theoven. It enters by a channel 38 under the sole 3 of passage 1, asindicated by arrow 22 the left of Fig. 2. From this channel, it passesthrough transverse passages 39 into channels 7 where vertical partitions32 and 33 guide it in a zigzag path up and down and along passage 1, seefurther arrows 22, until it enters a channel l0 under the sole 3 whichis situated near the heating zone 11, and passes through openings 23into longitudi nal channels i l which communicate, with fines 19 throughopenings 25 so that it finally gets into hannels 7. The furnace gasespass through an opening provided adjacent to the lirst numeral 27 in thepartition 33 which separates the heating from the preheating zone andthen follow a zigzag path indicated by the other arrows 27 pastpartitions 31 and 33 in channels 7 until they reach a transverse channel28 under the sole of passage 1. whence they pass into a longitu d nalchannel 29. This channel communicates with another transverse channel 30which takes the gases to the chimney.

It will be seen by referring to Fig. 2 that section I, the preheatingzone of passage 1, ias no lateral channels 7 as far as channel and allthe receptacles are moved on .n 5

29 extends under its sole 3 while in that portion of section I whichadjoins heating section Tl there is only lateral heating by the channels7 with their vertical partitions 31 and the sole having no heatingchannel as far as the lateral channels extend. Section ll has onlylateral heating channels where it adjoins section I while in its nextand hottest portion it has lateral ieating channels as well as heatingchannels underneath, viz., fines 19. Section III, the cooling zone, hascooling channels laterally as well as underneath where it adjoinssection II while further on it has cooling channels only laterally andfinally only underneath. The combustion air, in the channels 38, 39, 7and $0, of the cooling Zone or section TH, flows in opposite directionto that of the charge traveling in receptacles 12 so that it is heatedwhile the charge is cooling.

The vertical partitions 33 in channels 7 serve as bracing pillars forthe lateral walls of passage 1 to enable them. to bear the weight of thecars running on rails 15 and the receptacles 12 suspended from suchears. The partitions 33 are so constructed that the combustion air 'orthe furnace gases can flow past them, see arrows 22 and 27.

Both ends of passage 1 can be closed by doors fland Behind these doorsand at a distance from them which somewhat eX- ceeds the length of areceptacle 12 are vertical slides 36 and 37.

The adjacent wl eels 1a of the successive *are to which the receptacles12 are detachably attached engage each other so that all the receptaclescan-be moved through the passage} by pushing one of the cars at one endof the oven.

The operation of the oven is Follows:

When starting, both slides 36 and 37 are raised, and both doors and 35are closed. Receptacles 12 which have been filled with the material tobe treated are successively pushed in at door 35. ll hen one re *eptaclehas passed slide 37, the slide is lowered until the next receptaclepasses, etc. The ceptacles are then slowly moved along in passage 1until the first of them reaches door 34-. Slide 36 is now lowered, hedoor is opened and the first receptacle is drawn, whereupon slide 36 israised a the next receptacle reaches door etc.

Tn the preheating zone, section l or" was sage l, the charge is at frombelow by means of as it moves on, it is heated lateral y furnace gasesin channels T, th heating from below i i tion T. l hen ente g thedistilla" gasiiication zone, section ll, the clan at first also heatedonly laterally by the nace gases descending in channels 7 betweenchannel win l lie may lation or gasiiication and cooling of the charge,the output of gas obtained is a maximum and the heat is utilized to thebest advantage while the wear of the receptacles receiving the charge isgreatly reduced. Pie ceptacles made of sheet iron will standtemperatures up to 800 C. without detormation.

However, it is possible that their walls might bulge out under theinfluence ot high t .nperatures. In order to allow for this bulging andto prevent receptacles from sticking in the passage owing to it, the passage may be constructed with its walls slop-- ing inwardly from thebottom upward, see Fig. i, so that the passage 1 is wider the bottomthan at the top. The cross-section. of receptacles 12 is adapted to thecrosssection of the passage. The rails 15 are slightly inclined towardthe end of the oven, see Fig. 5. Owing to this arrangeiinent, thereceptacles 12 will, on moving along pas sage 1, descend toward its sole1.6 where the passage is wider and where the receptacle will findsufiicient clearance even if its walls should be bulging.

My improved process and apparatus are very economical because the chargeneed be raised to a low level only and, during treatr ent, movesexclusively along a horizontal or practically horizontal path. Theprocess is particularly suited for materials that have little or notendency to clinker, as the mate rial is held in receptacles and, afterdistillation or gasification, may be transported in them to where it isto be stored or used. For discharging the receptacles, slides or flaps eprovided in their bottoms.

.I rny organic matter or any minerals containing organic matter that canbe utilized in any industry by distillation or gasilication, may betreated by my process. E or instance, my invention be employed for theproduction of gas from coal, wood, peat, straw, sludge, etc.

instead or" generator furnace as shown, a gas or any other furnace maybe provided.

I claim:

'1. 1. process of continuous distillation or gasification of organicmatter or minerals containin or anic matter b ex osin a b D Z3 charge ofsuch material to indirect heating in a passage of an oven, consisting inmoving said charge along a passage of said oven in receptacles andpreheat rig, distilling or gasifying and finally, by means of thecombustion air supplied to the furnace of said oven, cooling said chargewhile it is being moved along in said passage, the entire treatment ofsaid charge being eili'ected in the same passage and the chargeremaining in said receptacles during the entire treatment, said passagebeing, during preheating of the charge, heated only at its sole and thenonly at its lateral walls while, during the distillatign or gasificationoi the charge, said passage is heated at its sole well as its lateralwalls.

2. A process of continuous distillation or gasification of organicmatter or minerals containing organic matter by exposing a charge ofsuch material to indirect heating; in a passage of an oven, consistingin mov ing said charge along a passage of said oven in receptacles andpreheating, distilling or gasifying and finally, by means oi thecombustion air supplied to the furnace of'said oven, cooling said chargewhile it is being moved along in said passage, the cooling beingeffected by stages the temperatures of which are adapted to be regulatedand the entire treatment of said charge being offected in the samepassage and the charge remaining in said receptacles during the entiretreatment, said passage being, during the cooling of said charge, cooledat its sole and its lateral walls, then at its lateral walls only andfinally at its sole only.

3. process of continuous distillation or gasification ot organic matteror minerals containing organic matter by exposing a charge of suchmaterial to indirect heating in a passage oi an oven, consisting inmoving said charge along a passage oi said even in receptacles andpreheating, distilling or gasifying and finally, by means 05 thecombustion air supplied to the furnace of said oven, cooling said chargewhile it is being moved along in said passage, the entire treatment ofsaid charge being edected in the same passage and the charge remainingin said receptacles during the entire treatment, said passage being,during preieating of the charge, heated only at its sole and then onlyat its lateral walls while, during the distillation or gasification ofthe charge, said passage is heated at its sole as well as at its lateralwalls and during the cooling of said charge it is cooled at its sole andits lateral walls, then at its lateral walls only and finally at itssoleonly.

i. In an oven in which the process of continuous distillation orgasification of organic matter or minerals containing organic matter isto be performed a passage, a furnace, means for moving the charge alongwithin said passage and channels adapted to remove the products ofcombustion from and to supply fresh air to said furnace, said channelsarranged at the sole and walls of the passage at and near to thatportion of the passage where the furnace is situated. at its lateralwalls only at some distance if n the said portion of the passage and atits sole only at either end of the passage.

In an oven in which the process con tinuous distillation or gasincationof organic matter or minerals coutr ing organic matter is to beperformed a passage, a fun the charge along sage a for heating aidpassage, the upper portion of sai. l being turned by an extendedsupcrst-ucture. and rai s arranged in said superstructure on either sideof said pas.

6. In an oven. in which the process of continuous distillation or gasifiation of organic matter or minerals co'ntai matter is to be performed anace, means tor moving th c within said pa sage, and channels within theside walls of said passa adapted to remove the products of n n 8 voila Ocombustion from and to supply fresh air to said furnace, sui orts arraed at portions oi aid side walls, for charge-moving means and bracing piarranged in said channels at walls of said aassage.

7. In an oven in which the process of continuous distillation orgasification of organic matter or minerals containing organic matter isto be performed a l arnace, means for moving the charge along withinsaid passage and means for .ieating and cooling said passage, the upperpor tion of said passage being formed by an extended superstructure, andrails arranged in said superstructure on either side or" said passage,said rails being arranged at an, incline and said passage being wider atthe bottom than at the top.

8. The herein described process which consists in passing material whichyields gas upon the application oi heat, through a single chamber inwhich the material is first heated exclusively from below, thenexclusirel from the sides, then both from the sides and from below,whereupon said material is cooled both from the sides and from below,then from the sides exclusively, and finally from the bottomexclusively.

9. An oven for the purpose cescribed, comprising a chamber throughwhichthe material adapted to travel, said chamber being provided with afurnace adjacent to its intermediate portion, with head channels whichextend from said furnace toward the material-receiving end of the alonga plurality of the walls of said chamher, while as they approach theinlet, said channels are adjacent to a smaller wall-surface, and coongchannels arranged along the said chamber 11 said furnace toward thedischarge end for the material, said cooling chanr ls being adjacent toa plu rality f the walls of said chamber adjacent to said furnace, a. 1dadjacent to a smaller wall-surface toward the material-discharge end.

10. En oven for the purpose described,

3 compris ng a chamber through which the material -'s adapted to travel,a furnace located adjacent to the intermediate portion or said chamber,cooling channels for supplying air to said furnace to support combustionthereil, said cooling channels eX- tending from the n'iaterial-dischargeend of the chamber to sa' turnace and in contact with a progressivellarger wa l-surtace as they approach the furnace, and heating extendingfrom said furnace to the channels inateriahrcceiving end of the chamberand in con actwith a progressively-decreasing wall-surface as they arefarther away from the furnace.

11. An oven for the purpose described, comprising a chamber wideningdown warc and lengthwise of which the ma terial is adapted to travel,tracks extending lengthwise of said chamber at the upper portion thereofand inclinec downwardly from the materiahrcceiving end to thematerial-discharge end, so that material caried in receptacles suspendedfrom said tracks, will gradually pass to the wider lower portion of saidchamber as the material approaches the discharge end, and means forieating the material as it travels u =ou n said chamber.

12. An oven for the purpose described,-

comprising a downwardly-widening longi tudinal chamber through which thmaterial ,is adapted to travel, downwardly-widening FRANZ RIPPL.

Witnesses .VALTER PIGRUDY, EMIL SCHMIDT.

